Crime prevention implies the identification and assessment of the properties and qualities that give rise to criminal behavior, based on a legal basis and proceeding from the study of the personality of the offender.

It is important to understand that crime exists in two dimensions, real and recorded. Criminal statistics reflect a certain part of crime. Crime is recorded as reported crimes, the results of their investigation and trial. Latent crime, on the other hand, is crime that has not been reflected in official criminal statistics for one reason or another. Latent crime can be natural and artificial, and according to the mechanism it consists of unreported crimes, unrecorded crimes, and unidentified crimes.

Attempts to determine the ratio are made by means of various sociological, statistical and analytical methods. The data of administrative and disciplinary violations, medical institutions, statistics of complaints, applications, letters of citizens to law enforcement agencies, surveys of citizens, convicts and prisoners, expert assessments of specialists are considered.

The negative consequences of latent, that is, crime that for one reason or another has not been reflected in statistics, are the distortion of the idea of the actual size, structure and dynamics of crime, the magnitude and nature of the damage caused to citizens, organizations, and society as a whole. Such crime makes it difficult to identify the circumstances that contribute to the perpetration of crimes.

Moreover, latent crime violates the principle of inevitability of responsibility, weakens the authority of law enforcement agencies, creates the impression of the possibility of committing a crime with impunity, and as a consequence there is a contribution to the growth of crime, recidivism of crimes, a decrease in the law enforcement activity of the population and the possibilities of predicting crime, determining the direction of prevention, and developing effective preventive measures to limit crime.

It is worth noting that latency is not equally characteristic of different crimes. Thus, it should be understood that latency depends on the nature of the relationship between citizens and the victim and the offender. The tendency to encourage latency is characteristic of the degree of civil legal activity, as well as the nature and severity of the crime committed. Moreover, the promotion of certain views contrary to legal understandings of crime is expressed in latent discrimination, as well as implicit and explicit bias.

It is false to understand the rights of one person or even a whole group of people as something absolute, it should be remembered that such absolutization can and often becomes violence against the rights and freedoms of other people. The process of the emergence and development of society, norms of life, the formation of historical, cultural, national traditions and value systems of peoples is diverse. Thus, different civilizations and cultures, despite equality before a single criterion of evaluation, before criminal and other codifications of the law, cannot be covered by a common standard. A common shared measure in this case seems untenable and unpromising for measuring the diversity of human value systems. For example, some peoples prefer social and moral values, while other peoples tend to prefer more material and materialistic ones. There is a complex range of social, moral, ethical and other norms in conjunction with religious worldviews and traditions.

A well-known concern is the historically known ability of religion to forcibly replace the system of human values and other aspects of life with anachronistic models of maintaining life and development, or cruel social and political support for traditional charters.

Systematic social interaction determines social stability. Such a system provides for economic and political parameters, and also pays attention to personal expectations, experiences, fears, motives, attitudes, ideas, and relationships. International human rights instruments are designed to support the protection of freedom of conscience and the representation of religious feelings and expressions of believers. A favorable ratio of subjective factors and their experiences complements the maintenance of the idea of participants in public life about optimal social stability.

The identified levels of latency are low, medium and high. They mean such features as the difficulty of hiding the consequences at a low level, low awareness for outsiders at an average level. At the same time, at a high level, most crimes are not directed at specific persons or the crimes are recognised, but hidden by the victims who are interested in hiding them from law enforcement agencies. The assessment of crime latency is studied by criminologists by means of certain techniques.

The social consequences of crime represent the real harm caused by crime. The public interest suffers from a direct or indirect causal link with the crimes committed. Changes in social values, economic and other indicators of wellbeing in society emphasise the importance of combating crime and social prevention. Consequences are real harm that is caused to the object of protection.

For an effective fight against crime, it is also important to maintain the optimal volume of cases submitted to the court. Improvement of the court system, improvement of pre-trial and out-of-court settlement of disputes, proper provision of judges and employees, increase in previously effective approaches, taking into account their speed and low cost, as well as consideration of the ideas of humanization of the state.

The social consequences of crimes are the attraction to new crimes and are self-determining for crime. This once again emphasises that the actual consequences of criminal behavior far exceed what criminal law assesses as the consequences of crimes. Society bears costs in connection with the fact of the existence of crime. That is, in fact, the very need to implement a complex and diverse system of measures to combat this phenomenon.

The social consequences of crime are classified by damage, severity, time of onset of socially dangerous consequences, consequences of crime, according to the sphere of people’s life. At the same time, it is virtually impossible to deduct the exact amount of material damage represented by crime. Namely a person acts as a specific cause of crime. Biosocial negative characteristics of individuals determine criminal behavior. They manifest themselves under certain circumstances in behavioral attitudes. The correlation between the social and the biological in the personality of a criminal attracts considerable attention from scientists. Without denying the importance of the absence or presence of pathologies, the idea of a born criminal, which is a biological interpretation that does not take into account the sociological component, is scientifically criticised for its fatalistic orientation. A person who is able to perceive the rule of law has the proper freedom of choice, to act in accordance with the law or contrary to it.

Such interconnections and relations as the interaction of human and nature, human and society, reasonableness and justice are closely related to the knowledge of the rule of law. Such a perception accompanies social relations due to the essential orientation in the place of a person and groups of people in these relations, the essence of the relationship between civil society and the state, the individual and society, the citizen and the state, as well as the state and the citizen.

Crime is social, so the prevention of crime in general and individual criminal behavior is also social. Crime prevention measures are developed using relevant research material, methods of sociology and law, as well as other sciences. In developing such measures, crime, causes of crime and conditions are studied.

Human rights and freedoms are a set of conditions in which a person is formed and lives. As already mentioned, the parties to human rights are citizens and states, and the rights of one party end where the rights of the other begin.

Compliance with the law by each member of society is a necessary condition for the realisation of their rights and freedom. If in some cases a person who opposes himself to a social contract takes himself out of the protection of such a contract, and also opposes himself to the subcontractual part of society, then in other cases the social institution itself, by its inaction and even dysfunction, can doom to a state of defenselessness. Violation of the generally established norm of life, non-observance of one’s obligations in socio-political relations leads to raising the problems of human rights and freedoms. It is the law that is called upon to protect a person from arbitrariness, going beyond the accessible limits, to maintain the relationship between the individual and society and thereby ensure the right to freedom and security of the individual. Again, the law does not imply a destructive attempt to force all groups of people or peoples of the world to follow the norms of life of one people. Many cultural solutions to conflicts can be reconciled as the genesis of societies, history, geography, and culture and traditions themselves are understood. Moreover, psychological security means the absence of intra-group and inter-group aggression between both small and large social groups. The entire psychological wellbeing of the citizens of countries is constantly changing, forced to face threats and adapt, to experience the transformation and regulation of their movement. The reality and the impact of its experience on the psychological state of society are far from unambiguous and very contradictory. The interpretation of interpersonal means is governed by constitutive and other similar expectations that promote interpersonal trust. Socially safe activities are closely related to the concept of trust, the ability and opportunity of people to trust each other.

It should be noted that criminal law acts for its direct purpose in cases of a perpetrated crime, but at the same time, the preventive potential of criminal law should not be excluded.

Criminal law defines the concept of crime, but also analyses the crimes perpetrated from the point of view of compliance with the categories and features set forth in the criminal law. The analysis of crimes from the point of view of compliance with the categories and signs set forth in criminal law is the work of criminal law on a par with the provision of a definition of the concept of crime.

The method of criminal law research of reality is the assessment of facts in accordance with the law. Active fight against crime, high detection rate and responsibility, effective prevention of offenses and crimes have a positive effect on crime. Attention is paid to the motives that can stimulate the criminal behavior of a particular person, and the identification of personality traits helps to prevent an unfavorable development of events, although they cannot be known to describe the personality and the criminality of the person as a whole.

Prevention is the work to solve the causes and conditions of crime as a phenomenon and ways to solve the consequences, as well as the causes and conditions of specific crimes, the ways of such in specific historical conditions of the development of society. Preventive work also includes the prevention of crime as a phenomenon in its entirety and the prevention of specific crimes.

The regularities of the formation of the processes of antisocial and criminal behavior of the individual in society should be met with the prevention of antisocial behavior and equivalent regularities of management of the processes of formation of programs of law-abiding behavior in various social conditions, as well as at different geographical levels.