As elites have been recognised as a group of people who have a significant impact on society and economy, members of the public tended to question the nuanced establishment and its participants. Public opinion has been seen to extend as far as to esteem in conspiratorial beliefs to assert the elitist cabal and the need to stand in active protest to such monstrous wicked by means of QAnon, as well as other conspiratorial thoughts of the ambiguous and wicked elite that advances with a plan against the people. Overall, elites and social distinctions attest to an extensive history of persistent attempts at power reproduction over time.

Elites are understood as individuals who due to their knowledge, entrepreneurial, and political capacity possess an ability to save, invest, and generate above the average of the population. Those are the people who participate in governance of society, development and growth of economy, technological advancements, brain and talent circulation, and recruitment of the future generation. Society is seen to transform through periodical circulation of elites. Theory of circulation of elites and the concept of the iron law of oligarchy that were introduced by an Italian polymath Vilfredo Federico Damaso Pareto and German-born Italian sociologist Robert Michels became central to elitism discussions.

Members of the elite become replaced when seen to be unable to address problems that arise ahead of society. Overall circulation of elites is a gradual process, however political circulation can be quite dynamic. There is a need to be more particular in understanding of what exactly circulates.

Recruitment of elites is a recognised approach to development and growth of countries. Meritocratic approaches attempt to assure quality candidates to be selected for further preparation to enter public service, however lack of diversification, over-representation of some classes of society, and the elite social surrounding of the highest percentage of admitted are notable concerns. While non-circulation of elites occurs on the basis of value for education additional considerations are raised by similarities in education. Common education can be viewed favourably during the times of innovation, however cautioned against in the times of invention, revolutionary advancements, and large changes since the monolith education is observed to primarily enable innovative growth and understanding. Overall, recruitment and preparation of elites does not align with initial notions of the elite circulation, however perplexed by the schools’ processes recruitment and preparation enable freeze of elite circulation due to the structural complexity of the education system.

Simultaneously literacy, education, and preparation are crucial, hence the quality recruitment enables future of precision, efficiency, and correct choices. While adoption of new technologies and systems of production is less rapid in comparison to recruitment from different types of education, questions arise of the optimal speed and the best required balance in the outlook on the diversity of education. Political leaders are produced alongside the generations of economic and knowledge elite, and other important contributors from society, therefore while elite schools can slow the growth of economy, there is a notable interdependency of elites and other important contributors from society that becomes apparent in the decision-making process of governance. Decision-making across diverse areas of expertise requires aware outlooks and collaboration for advancement of interdependent interest. Obviously political elites shape the governance of society under which economic activities are taken, however the extensive range of involved experts, conferences, expos, and other dedicated to exchange of insights activities undoubtedly contribute to the economic prosperity and economic future.

Consideration for the impact and contribution of masses that was introduced by French psychologist and polymath Charles-Marie Gustave Le Bon becomes accompanied by such considerations as the right to vote, emergence of political parties, strengthening of trade union activity, women’s and youth’s movements. In addition, political sociology was to become derived as a distinct discipline in part due to democratisation and increased involvement of masses in political considerations. Studies began to conduct exploration of political influence, lobbying, election campaigns, behaviour of the electorate, political techniques. Replacement of elites is found to be increasingly impacted by the masses and constitutes an important time for participation of the masses. Such influence of the masses is often uncontrollable. New social groups attain the positions formerly held by other elite groups. Unfortunately, mass revolutions display the use of the masses for social advancement for new social groups in their attempt to attain the elite participation. Usually, the participation of the masses is encouraged and accepted until the objectives are achieved and the victory is secured to allow for the public dismissal.

Furthermore, minorities can be excluded or lead, or occupy a position in-between. Equality decreases government expenditures and taxation and promotes growth while inequality on the contrary tends to reduce growth. Furthermore, inequality leads to sociopolitical instability and results in reduced investment in physical and human capital, and consequential decrease in growth. Modern societies contain such diverse forms of pluralism due to existence of many layers, estates, classes, representatives of various ethnic groups or nations, religions, cultures, professions. Each group has its own special interests that most often conflict with each other. Interrelation between the elite and society has mainly focused on the economic and social consequences of inequality and the stratification of the society, however social background, recruitment, promotion patterns, geographic or ethnic origin, as well as positional and decision-making attitudes also pose important considerations. Political elite governs and operates executive, legislative, and judicial structures, while non-governing elite partakes in the responsibilities of the media, academia, and intelligentsia. Benefits of monolith education during the times of innovation rather than invention can be further complimented by consideration of the political stability produced by unity and monolithic grouping of the elite. Plurality of elites contributes to assurance of inclusive and equitable power distribution mindful of mass society. Dialogical contestation diversifies the grip on power and advances democratic needs to support innovation and growth, however lack of elite unity and extensive divergent motives threaten political stability.

Anti-establishment views pertain to the complex establishment and anti-establishment dynamics throughout peoples’ and nations’ histories. As establishment seeks to achieve social solidarity and agreement on values and norms, divergent views and opinions express interest to uphold and advance different ideologies. While at times those could seem categorically clear, questionable and illegitimate political advancements would problematise the distinction between participating sides. Overall public anti-establishment grievances arise out of social, political, and economic conditions, however, could be accompanied by historical, cultural, and psychological concerns. People tend to address grievances through passive and active strategies, protest and helpful behaviour, individual and collective approaches, normative and non-normative outlooks. Social and cultural reproduction is accompanied by social, cultural, economic, political, and other resources, as well as the acknowledgement or non-acknowledgement by the contributors from the society in general. Further transformative forces are a combination of top-down and bottom-up assertions and self-affirmation aimed at the replacement of elites. Conflict, authority, and legitimacy are at the center of contestation of societal organisation.